Educational tool. Does not constitute legal advice. Consult a qualified professional for any compliance decision.
What is Article 5 of the EU AI Act?
Article 5 of EU Regulation 2024/1689 on artificial intelligence establishes a list of AI practices that are completely prohibited in the European Union, regardless of the risk level of the system. These prohibitions apply to placing on the market, putting into service, and using the systems concerned. Violations are subject to fines of up to €35 million or 7% of global annual turnover.
Source: EU Regulation 2024/1689, Art. 5 — Prohibited AI practices; European Commission Guidelines C(2025) 884 final.
Frequently asked questions
What AI practices are prohibited by the EU AI Act?+
Article 5 of the AI Act prohibits 8 categories of practices: (1) subliminal or deceptive manipulation causing harm, (2) exploitation of vulnerabilities (age, disability, socioeconomic situation), (3) social scoring by public authorities leading to detrimental out-of-context treatment, (4) individual predictive policing based on profiling, (5) untargeted scraping of facial images, (6) inference of emotions in the workplace or education, (7) biometric categorisation inferring sensitive data, and (8) real-time remote biometric identification in public spaces for law enforcement purposes.
What are the penalties for using a prohibited AI system?+
Infringements of Article 5 constitute the most serious violations of the AI Act. They are subject to administrative fines of up to €35,000,000 or, if the offender is a company, up to 7% of its total worldwide annual turnover for the preceding financial year, whichever is higher (Art. 99§3 AI Act).
Do the prohibitions apply to companies outside the EU?+
Yes. The AI Act applies whenever an AI system is placed on the market or put into service in the European Union, or its outputs are used in the EU — even if the provider is established outside the Union (Art. 2 AI Act).
Are there any exceptions to the prohibited practices?+
Yes, but they are very strict. For real-time biometric identification (Art. 5§1(h)), exceptions apply for narrowly defined law enforcement purposes (Art. 5§3: targeted search for a missing person, prevention of a specific imminent terrorist threat, localisation of a suspect for a serious criminal offence). For emotion inference, exceptions exist for medical or therapeutic purposes (Art. 5§2(a)) and physical safety of persons (Art. 5§2(b)). These exceptions must be documented and do not exempt from thorough legal analysis.